Jerk is what makes your printer shake. It is a speed difference between two moves, which can be reached without acceleration. So why do you want jerk and what does it influence? The first thing it influences is the starting speed. It is 50% of the allowed jerk. So if you have a jerk of 20, the first move will start with 10mm/s. The other thing jerk controls is the join speed for consecutive segments. In the figure above you see two examples. The jerk is the difference of the two speeds. Example 1 shows a jerk, that is higher then allowed. In this case, the path planner will reduce the speed to match exactly the maximum allowed speed. Example 2 has a lower directional change, so the jerk is within allowed limits and the planner allows a full speed move through the edge. The jerk is set these tree values:

            #define DEFAULT_XJERK 10.0
            #define DEFAULT_YJERK 10.0
            #define DEFAULT_ZJERK  0.4
          

You want high jerk values, because

• printing time is reduced.
• print shows less blobs.

You want low jerk values, because

• it causes less mechanical stress to your printer.
• moves are smoother.
• filament has better adhesion at directional changes.
• reduces printer noise.
• you loose steps with higher values.

You see, it is balance between your personal priorities. The only simple thing is z-jerk, which has nearly no influence. It only reduces the time for z-moves, but has no effect on quality.

To understand the stepper settings, you need to understand how the firmware controls your stepper. Steppers get enabled with a enable pin and then you have one pin that depends direction and the last pin is the stepper signal. On every high the motor will execute one microstep. The motor step signals are set in a timier, so we can execute the steps, when we need it for the desired speed. This interrupt does some computations. Combined with the slow speed of AVR processors, the frequency is limited to around 10000 - 20000 calls per second. So if your motor needs less steps, we can time each high signal exactly. If we need to go faster, we can use a little trick. In every interrupt call we execute 2 (double stepping) or 4 (quad stepping) high signals in a fast row. So we have the complete interrupt overhead for more then one high signal reducing the overall computation time. This allows speeds up to 40-60kHz on a AVR.

If you add no extra delays, you only get delays caused by computation speeds. Some stepper drivers need a longer high signal or a longer delay time between the double/quad steps. So you can add a delay for these timings. If your print gets skewed or moves are not always as long as expected, it might be a timing issue. Some drivers also need some extra time between setting a new direction and sending the first high delay. Most drivers on board do not need it, mostly professional external drivers for higher amps need it. If you are running a faster cpu like Arduino Due, you can go much faster with normal stepping. Setting double stepper frequency to 250000 is ok for these cpus.

This option eliminates vibration during printing by fitting a Bézier curve to move acceleration, producing much smoother direction changes. https://github.com/synthetos/TinyG/wiki/Jerk-Controlled-Motion-Explained

Minimum stepper driver pulse width (in µs).

            0 : Smallest possible width the MCU can produce, compatible with TMC2xxx drivers.

            1 : Minimum for A4988, A5984, RAPS128 and LV8729 stepper drivers.

            2 : Minimum for DRV8825 stepper drivers.

            5 : Minimum for TB6600 stepper drivers.

           30 : Minimum for TB6560 stepper drivers.
          

The maximum stepping rate (in Hz) the motor stepper driver allows
If non defined, it defaults to 1MHz / (2 * MINIMUM STEPPER PULSE)

            5000000 : Maximum for TMC2xxx stepper driver.

            1000000 : Maximum for LV8729 stepper driver.

             500000 : Maximum for A4988 stepper driver.

             250000 : Maximum for DRV8825 stepper driver.

             160000 : Maximum for RAPS128 stepper driver.

             150000 : Maximum for TB6600 stepper driver.

              15000 : Maximum for TB6560 stepper driver.
          

Minimum delay after setting the stepper DIR (in ns).

                0 : No delay at all.

               50 : Minimum for TMC2xxx drivers.

              200 : Minimum for A4988 drivers.

              400 : Minimum for A5984 drivers.

              500 : Minimum for LV8729 drivers.

              650 : Minimum for DRV8825 drivers.

             1000 : Minimum for RAPS128 drivers.

             1500 : Minimum for TB6600 drivers.

            15000 : Minimum for TB6560 drivers.
          

Adaptive Step Smoothing increases the resolution of multiaxis moves, particularly at step frequencies below 1kHz (for AVR) or 10kHz (for ARM), where aliasing between axes in multiaxis moves causes audible vibration and surface artifacts. The algorithm adapts to provide the best possible step smoothing at the lowest stepping frequencies.